How does BLDC motor works

1. Components

• Rotor: The rotating part of the motor, typically containing permanent magnets.   
• Stator: The stationary part of the motor, containing electromagnetic coils (windings).   
• Electronic Speed Controller (ESC): The "brain" of the motor, responsible for controlling the current flow to the stator windings.   

2. Working Principle

• Magnetic Interaction:
• The rotor's permanent magnets create a magnetic field.   
• The ESC selectively energizes the stator windings in a specific sequence.   
• This creates a rotating magnetic field in the stator.   
• The rotor's magnets are attracted to and repelled by the stator's magnetic field, causing the rotor to spin.   
• Commutation:
• The ESC constantly monitors the rotor's position (using sensors like Hall Effect sensors).   
• Based on the rotor's position, the ESC switches the current to different stator windings.   
• This "switching" of current is called commutation.   
• Commutation ensures that the rotor is always "chasing" the rotating magnetic field in the stator, maintaining continuous rotation.   

3. Key Advantages

• High Efficiency: Reduced friction due to the absence of brushes leads to higher efficiency.   
• Long Lifespan: No brush wear and tear extends the motor's lifespan significantly.   
• High Speed and Torque: Capable of achieving high speeds and producing high torque.   
• Quiet Operation: Smooth and quiet operation due to the absence of brush friction.   

In Summary

BLDC motors work by utilizing the interaction between a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator windings and the permanent magnets on the rotor. The electronic speed controller plays a crucial role in controlling the current flow to the stator windings, ensuring efficient and smooth operation.